Write the differences between:

a) Epigeal and hypogeal germination

Epigeal germination: Cotyledons rise above the soil (e.g., bean).

Hypogeal germination: Cotyledons remain underground (e.g., pea).

b) Asexual and sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction: Involves one parent, no gamete formation, produces genetically identical offspring.

Sexual reproduction: Involves two parents, gamete formation, produces genetically diverse offspring.

c) Self-pollination and cross-pollination

Self-pollination: Pollen transfers within the same flower or plant.

Cross-pollination: Pollen transfers between different plants of the same species.

d) Binary fission and multiple fission

Binary fission: A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (e.g., Amoeba).

Multiple fission: A single cell divides into many daughter cells (e.g., Plasmodium).

e) External fertilization and internal fertilization

External fertilization: Fertilization occurs outside the body (e.g., fish, amphibians).

Internal fertilization: Fertilization occurs inside the female body (e.g., mammals, birds).