Long Q/A Biotechnology - Students Free Notes

What is the role of biotechnology in environmental conservation? Explain with examples.

Biotechnology plays a significant role in environmental conservation by offering innovative solutions to address environmental challenges and promote sustainability. Key areas where biotechnology contributes include: Bioremediation: This is the use of living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or plants, to remove, degrade, or neutralize pollutants from the environment. For example, bacteria can be used to … Read more

Describe the process of cloning. What are its potential benefits and risks?

Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell. There are two main types of cloning: Reproductive Cloning: The creation of an organism that is genetically identical to another. This is typically done using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where the nucleus of a somatic cell (a cell from … Read more

What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? Explain their advantages and disadvantages.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering techniques to introduce new traits or characteristics that do not occur naturally. This can involve altering the DNA of plants, animals, or microorganisms to enhance specific traits, such as resistance to pests, improved nutritional content, or increased productivity. Advantages of … Read more

What is single-cell protein? Write its importance and significance as animal and human food.

Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to protein-rich biomass derived from microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, algae, and fungi. It is used as a food source or feed supplement. Importance and Significance: Sustainability: SCP can be produced using non-arable land, using waste materials like agricultural residues, making it an eco-friendly and sustainable source of protein. Nutritional Value: SCP … Read more

What are the objectives of genetic engineering? How is a gene transplanted?

Objectives of Genetic Engineering: Improved Crop Varieties: Genetic engineering allows for the development of crops with enhanced traits like drought resistance, pest resistance, and improved nutritional content (e.g., Golden Rice with increased vitamin A). Medical Advances: It can be used to produce recombinant proteins, vaccines, and hormones (e.g., insulin production in bacteria). Industrial Applications: Genetic … Read more

Describe the process of fermentation. What is the procedure for using a fermenter?

Fermentation involves several stages, and the procedure for using a fermenter is carefully controlled to maximize yield: Process of Fermentation: Preparation: A nutrient-rich medium (usually containing sugars, nitrogen sources, vitamins, and minerals) is prepared for the microorganisms. Inoculation: A small amount of the microorganism (yeast, bacteria, etc.) is introduced into the medium. Fermentation: The microorganisms … Read more

Describe fermentation in yeast and bacteria.

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms like yeast and bacteria convert sugars into other compounds, such as alcohol, acids, and gases, under anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. Fermentation in Yeast: Yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is commonly used in fermentation for the production of alcohol and bread. When yeast ferments sugars like glucose, it produces … Read more

What is the importance of biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and processes that improve our quality of life. Its importance can be seen in several key areas: Medical Advances: Biotechnology has led to the development of life-saving treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. It plays a significant role in gene therapy, tissue … Read more