FreeNotes
Extreme pH conditions can cause enzymes to denature, altering their three-dimensional structure. This change prevents the enzyme from binding effectively with its substrate, reducing or stopping the enzyme’s activity. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin enzymes act the best? … Read more
NADPH is produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and is used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose. It acts as a carrier of electrons and protons, which are necessary for the synthesis of carbohydrates. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At … Read more
Enzymes are highly specific because their active sites have a specific shape that matches only one type of substrate molecule. This specificity ensures that enzymes catalyze only particular reactions, preventing unintended chemical processes. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin … Read more
Temperature increases the rate of enzyme activity up to an optimal point. Beyond this optimal temperature, enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme denatures due to excessive heat, changing its shape and reducing its efficiency. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and … Read more
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and glucose. It is found in saliva and the pancreas and plays a key role in the digestion of carbohydrates. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin … Read more
Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are interlinked because the products of one process are the reactants of the other. In photosynthesis, plants produce oxygen and glucose using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. In aerobic respiration, organisms (including plants) use oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. This creates a cycle where the oxygen … Read more
The dark reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, are called “dark” because they do not require light directly. These reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast and use ATP and NADPH (produced in the light reactions) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors … Read more
The products of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells are lactic acid (lactate) and a small amount of ATP. This process occurs when oxygen is scarce, such as during intense exercise. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin enzymes act the best? … Read more
Here are the balanced chemical equations for each process: a) Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2(Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen) b) Fermentation There are different types of fermentation, but the most common is alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Alcoholic Fermentation (by yeast and some bacteria): C6H12O6→2C2H5OH+2CO2(Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide) … Read more
ATP consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The structure can be represented as follows: Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin enzymes act the best? What happens to an enzyme when it is frozen … Read more