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Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. Types of Nucleic Acids: 1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Structure: Double helix Sugar: Deoxyribose Nitrogen Bases: A, T, G, C Function: Stores genetic information 2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Structure: Single-stranded Sugar: Ribose Nitrogen Bases: A, U, G, C Function: Helps in protein synthesis Importance of Nucleic … Read more
Carbohydrates are classified into three types: 1. Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars): Structure: Single sugar unit Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose Function: Provide quick energy 2. Disaccharides (Double Sugars): Structure: Two sugar units Examples: Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Glucose + Galactose) Function: Found in milk, fruits, and sugarcane 3. Polysaccharides (Complex Sugars): Structure: Long chains of sugar … Read more
Structure of Proteins: Made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds Form polypeptides, which fold into 3D structures Protein structure levels: 1. Primary structure – Amino acid sequence 2. Secondary structure – Helices and sheets 3. Tertiary structure – 3D folding 4. Quaternary structure – Multiple polypeptide chains Functions of Proteins: Enzymes (speed up reactions, … Read more
Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Types of bonding in proteins: 1. Peptide bond → Forms between amino acids 2. Hydrogen bonds → Maintain the helical structure 3. Ionic bonds → Form between charged amino acid groups 4. Disulfide bridges → Provide stability to proteins Related Questions: Distinguish between mono-, di-, … Read more
Monosaccharides (Single Sugar Unit): Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose Function: Provide instant energy Disaccharides (Two Sugar Units): Examples: Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose (Table sugar) Lactose = Glucose + Galactose (Milk sugar) Maltose = Glucose + Glucose (Malt sugar) Function: Found in food sources like milk, fruits, sugarcane Trisaccharides (Three Sugar Units): Example: Raffinose = Glucose … Read more