FreeNotes
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. The process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves the absorption of light by chlorophyll. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and water (H₂O) from the soil … Read more
Crude oil undergoes fractional distillation to separate its components into fractions based on their boiling points. After distillation, these fractions are further refined by processes such as cracking, reforming, and desulfurization to remove impurities and produce usable fuels and products. Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How is it produced? … Read more
Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. Petroleum is separated into various fractions through fractional distillation, and it contains fuels such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and heavier products like asphalt. The exact composition varies depending on the source of the crude … Read more
The raw materials for the Solvay process are: 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2. Ammonia (NH₃) 3. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 4. Water (H₂O) 5. Limestone (CaCO₃) Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How is it produced? Explain the process “Roasting” with two examples. Write chemical reactions that take place during urea … Read more
Urea, with the chemical formula (NH₂)₂CO, consists of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The molecular composition is: Nitrogen (46.6%) Carbon (20%) Oxygen (26.6%) Hydrogen (6.7%) Urea is widely used in fertilizers due to its high nitrogen content, which is essential for plant growth. Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How … Read more
1. Petrol (Gasoline): Used as a fuel for vehicles. 2. Diesel: Used as fuel for trucks, buses, and industrial machinery. 3. Kerosene: Used as fuel for jet engines and as a heating oil. 4. Lubricants: Used for reducing friction in machinery. 5. Bitumen: Used in road construction and roofing. Related Questions: How are urea … Read more
Crude oil was formed millions of years ago from the remains of marine plants and animals that were buried under layers of sedimentary rock. Over time, heat and pressure caused the organic matter to break down into hydrocarbons, which are the primary components of crude oil. This process, known as “catagenesis,” took place over geological timescales. … Read more
Urea (NH₂)₂CO is formed through the reaction of ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The process occurs in two stages: 1. Formation of ammonium carbamate: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbamate (NH₄HCOONH₄): 2. Dehydration to form urea: The ammonium carbamate is then heated to remove water and form urea: Urea, thus formed, … Read more
Roasting is a process of heating metal ores in the presence of oxygen, typically to convert sulfide ores into oxides and release sulfur dioxide gas. It is commonly used in the extraction of metals from their ores. 1. Zinc Sulfide Roasting: Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is roasted in the presence of oxygen to form zinc oxide … Read more
Slaked lime is also known as calcium hydroxide and has the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It is produced by adding water to quicklime (CaO). This is a highly exothermic reaction, which releases a significant amount of heat. The chemical reaction is as follows: Slaked lime is used in various industries, including in the treatment of water, … Read more