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The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The cycle involves several key processes: 1. Evaporation: Water from oceans, lakes, and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapor, rising into the atmosphere. 2. Condensation: The … Read more
Refining crude oil involves separating its components based on their different boiling points through a process called fractional distillation. Crude oil is first heated to high temperatures in a distillation column. As it vaporizes, the vapor rises through the column and condenses at different levels depending on the boiling point of each component. The resulting … Read more
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. The process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves the absorption of light by chlorophyll. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and water (H₂O) from the soil … Read more
Related Questions: Write chemical reactions that take place during carbonation in the Solvay process. Describe the following with an example: Outline basic reactions of the Solvay process. Relate the study of chemistry to careers in industry. Petroleum is a mixture of several compounds, which are separated in a refinery. Draw a flow sheet diagram for … Read more
Related Questions: Write chemical reactions that take place during carbonation in the Solvay process. Describe the following with an example: Outline basic reactions of the Solvay process. Relate the study of chemistry to careers in industry. Petroleum is a mixture of several compounds, which are separated in a refinery. Draw a flow sheet diagram of … Read more
a) What is the name of the apparatus used for this purpose? Fractionating column. b) What is the name of the process used in separating crude oil? Fractional distillation. c) Write the name of the fraction that represents gases. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). d) Which fractions represent liquids with the lowest boiling points? Petrol and … Read more
Chemistry is vital in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food processing, petrochemicals, and materials science. Careers related to chemistry in industry include: Chemical Engineer: Designs processes for large-scale production of chemicals. Pharmaceutical Chemist: Develops drugs and medicines. Petrochemical Engineer: Works in the extraction and refinement of petroleum. Food Chemist: Develops food products and ensures food … Read more
Basic reactions of the Solvay process are: 1. Absorption of CO₂ in ammonia solution: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium bicarbonate. 2. Formation of sodium bicarbonate: Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. 3. Decomposition of sodium bicarbonate: Sodium bicarbonate is heated to produce sodium carbonate, releasing … Read more
a) Roasting: Roasting is a process where a sulfide ore is heated in the presence of oxygen to convert it into an oxide. This process is typically used for ores of metals such as zinc, copper, and lead. Example: Roasting of lead sulfide (PbS): In this case, lead (II) sulfide is heated with oxygen to … Read more
The Solvay process is used for the industrial production of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) from sodium chloride (NaCl) and limestone (CaCO₃). During carbonation, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is bubbled through ammonia solution to form ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃). The chemical reactions involved are: 1. Formation of ammonium bicarbonate: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium … Read more