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a. Identify X and Y components. X = Blood cells and proteins Y = Urea and other waste products b. Why does blood component X not cross the dialysis membrane? Blood cells and proteins are too large to pass through the dialysis membrane. The membrane has microscopic pores that allow only small molecules like urea, … Read more
Homeostasis in plants is the process by which they maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Several mechanisms help plants regulate internal conditions, ensuring they survive and thrive: Water Regulation (Transpiration and Stomatal Control): Plants regulate water loss and absorption to maintain water balance. Transpiration is the process of water evaporation through stomata (tiny … Read more
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left one because of the position of the liver. The liver is large and occupies space in the upper right side of the abdomen, so it pushes the right kidney down slightly. This anatomical difference helps accommodate the size and shape of the liver while allowing both … Read more
a) Urea formation → Liver b) Urine formation → Kidney c) Filtration → Glomerulus d) Re-absorption → Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle e) Tubular secretion → Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) f) Temporary storage of urine → Urinary bladder g) Conduction of urine out of the body → Urethra Related Questions: Explain osmotic adjustment … Read more
Two similarities between a dialysis machine and a real kidney are: Filtration of Waste Products: Both a dialysis machine and a real kidney filter out waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood. The kidney performs this filtration through its glomeruli, while a dialysis machine mimics this function by using a semipermeable membrane to … Read more
The human excretory system, primarily composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, is responsible for eliminating waste products and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Several disorders can affect its proper functioning. Some of the most common disorders of the excretory system include: 1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Description: A gradual loss of kidney function … Read more
Urine formation in humans is a complex process that involves multiple stages to ensure that waste products are efficiently removed from the body while maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. This process takes place in the nephrons of the kidneys and can be divided into three main stages: 1. Glomerular Filtration: Location: Renal Corpuscle (Glomerulus and … Read more
A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which work together to filter waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain homeostasis. The nephron is made up of several key structures: 1. Renal Corpuscle: This is the part of the … Read more
Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. Several organs play key roles in regulating different aspects of homeostasis, ensuring that conditions like temperature, pH, fluid balance, and waste removal remain within optimal ranges. Here’s a breakdown of how the skin, lungs, liver, and kidneys contribute to … Read more
Osmotic adjustment in plants is a physiological process that helps them maintain water balance and survive under drought or saline conditions. It involves the accumulation or reduction of solutes in plant cells to regulate water potential. Mechanism of Osmotic Adjustment: 1. Solute Accumulation: Plants accumulate organic (sugars, amino acids) and inorganic (potassium, chloride) solutes in … Read more