FreeNotes
Vitamins and minerals are both essential nutrients required for various bodily functions, but they differ in their chemical nature, sources, and roles in the body. Vitamins are organic compounds, meaning they contain carbon, and they are required in small amounts to regulate body processes. They are divided into two categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, … Read more
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process. They are mostly proteins and play a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, and various biochemical reactions. In digestion, enzymes break down complex food molecules into simpler forms that the body can absorb. For example, amylase breaks down … Read more
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that consist of long chains of monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds. They serve as energy storage molecules or provide structural support in living organisms. There are two main types of polysaccharides. Storage polysaccharides include starch, which is found in plants such as potatoes, wheat, and rice, and glycogen, which is … Read more
Sources of Lipids: Plants: Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils Animals: Butter, cheese, meat fats Uses of Lipids: Store energy Insulate and protect organs Form cell membranes (phospholipids) Act as hormones (steroids like testosterone, estrogen) Related Questions: Which compounds are included in lipids? Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a reason. What is … Read more
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) functions: Stores genetic information that determines traits Controls protein synthesis in cells Guides cell division and reproduction Passes hereditary information from parents to offspring DNA structure: It is a double helix made of nucleotides, which include: Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C) Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is … Read more
Lipids include: Fats (triglycerides) → Found in butter, meat, dairy Oils → Found in olive oil, fish oil Waxes → Found in beeswax, earwax Phospholipids → Make up cell membranes Steroids → Include cholesterol, hormones (estrogen, testosterone) Related Questions: Explain sources and uses of lipids. Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a … Read more
General formula of an amino acid: NH₂-CHR-COOH Functional groups: Amino group (-NH₂) → Makes amino acids basic Carboxyl group (-COOH) → Makes amino acids acidic R group (Side chain) → Determines the type of amino acid For example, the amino acid glycine has the formula NH₂-CH₂-COOH. Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or … Read more
Dextrose is another name for D-glucose, which is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). It is called dextrose because it rotates plane-polarized light to the right (dextrorotatory). Dextrose is commonly used in IV drips to provide instant energy to patients. Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a reason. Write the formula … Read more
Sucrose is a disaccharide because it consists of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, linked by a glycosidic bond. A disaccharide forms when two simple sugar molecules undergo dehydration synthesis (removal of water). Related Questions: What is a dextrose sugar? Write the formula of an amino acid and identify functional groups in it. Which compounds … Read more