FreeNotes
The human appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. It includes: Upper Limbs: Arms: Comprising the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones). Hands: Including the carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones), and phalanges (finger bones). Lower Limbs: Legs: Comprising the … Read more
Here are three common types of arthritis: Osteoarthritis (OA):Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. This leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased joint mobility. It is typically associated with aging or repetitive joint stress. Rheumatoid Arthritis … Read more
The structures that act as shock absorbers at the end of bones are articular cartilage and menisci (in certain joints like the knee). Articular Cartilage: This smooth, flexible cartilage covers the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing the impact and pressure that occurs during movement, such as walking or running. Menisci: These … Read more
Cartilage at the ends of bones, called articular cartilage, serves several important functions in joints. It provides a smooth, slippery surface that reduces friction, allowing bones to move smoothly against each other. It also acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joint during impact and distributing forces evenly to prevent damage. Additionally, cartilage helps maintain … Read more
Exercise strengthens bones and muscles, improves joint flexibility, and reduces the risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. It also enhances overall physical and mental health. Related Questions: Distinguish between: Why is Andreas Vesalius famous for? Explain the following statements: Why does bone mass decrease in osteoporosis? Name the structure through which the exchange of gases can … Read more
In osteoporosis, bones lose calcium and other minerals, making them weak and porous. This happens due to hormonal changes, aging, and nutritional deficiencies. Related Questions: Distinguish between: Why is Andreas Vesalius famous for? Explain the following statements: Why do you need to exercise regularly? What is the function of cartilage at the end of bones? … Read more
(a) Children should be encouraged to drink milk. Milk is rich in calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for bone growth and strength, preventing conditions like rickets. (b) The sutures of the skull are fixed joints. Sutures are immovable joints that hold skull bones together, protecting the brain and providing structural integrity. Related Questions: … Read more
Andreas Vesalius is famous for his work in human anatomy. He wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica, which provided detailed studies of the human body, revolutionizing medical science. Related Questions: Distinguish between: Name the structure through which the exchange of gases can take place in plants. Name the ways through which a plant can obtain oxygen. … Read more
(a) Compact and spongy bone: Compact Bone: Dense, strong, and forms the outer layer of bones. Provides strength and support. Spongy Bone: Porous, lightweight, and found inside bones. Contains red bone marrow for blood cell production. (b) Cartilage and bone: Cartilage: Soft, flexible connective tissue without blood vessels. Provides cushioning and support. Bone: Hard, mineralized … Read more