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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) functions: Stores genetic information that determines traits Controls protein synthesis in cells Guides cell division and reproduction Passes hereditary information from parents to offspring DNA structure: It is a double helix made of nucleotides, which include: Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C) Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is … Read more
Ethene (C₂H₄) has a double bond between the two carbon atoms: H₂C=CH₂ (Each carbon shares two electrons to form a double bond with the other carbon, and each carbon shares one electron with a hydrogen atom.) Related Questions: Give three examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons. How can you differentiate ethane from ethene? What do you … Read more
Uses of Acids: 1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Used for cleaning metals, in food processing, and in the production of PVC. 2. Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Used in car batteries, fertilizers, and chemical manufacturing. 3. Nitric Acid (HNO₃): Used in the production of explosives and fertilizers. Uses of Bases: 1. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Used in soap and … Read more
Neutralization: Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. Example Reaction: HCL + NAOH → NACL + H2O Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. Applications of Neutralization: 1. Agriculture: Neutralization of acidic soil with slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂). … Read more
pH Scale: The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14: pH < 7: Acidic solution (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar). pH = 7: Neutral solution (e.g., pure water). pH > 7: Basic solution (e.g., soap solution, bleach). Importance of pH: 1. Human Health: The human body maintains … Read more
Salts: Salts are ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. They consist of a positive ion (cation) from the base and a negative ion (anion) from the acid. Examples: 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) – Used as table salt. 2. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) – Found in limestone and used in … Read more
Bases: Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water. Strong bases dissociate completely, while weak bases dissociate partially in water. Examples: 1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) – Used in soap manufacturing. 2. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) – Used in alkaline batteries. 3. Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) – Used in household cleaners. Properties of Bases: … Read more
Acids:Acids are chemical substances that produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. The strength of an acid depends on the concentration of H⁺ ions it produces. Examples: 1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) – Found in stomach acid and used for cleaning purposes. 2. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) – Used in car batteries and the production of … Read more
Related Questions: ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS Define acids with examples. Define bases, write their properties and examples aswell. Define salts, write its properties and examples also. Discuss the uses of acids, bases, and salts in detail. 1. Write the equation for the self-ionization of water? Define and give examples of Arrhenius acids? Why H⁺ ion … Read more
A monoprotic acid can donate only one proton (+) per molecule, such as HCl. A diprotic acid can donate two protons per molecule, such as H₂SO₄. Related Questions: Define and give examples of Arrhenius acids? Why H⁺ ion acts as a Lewis acid? Why BF₃ acts as a Lewis acid? Define a conjugate acid-base pair. … Read more