Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and leads to genetic variation.
Artificial vegetative propagation and natural vegetative propagation
Artificial propagation is human-assisted, such as grafting and cutting, whereas natural propagation occurs naturally through runners, tubers, or bulbs.
Scion and rootstock
Scion is the upper part of a grafted plant, while rootstock is the lower part that provides roots.
Grafting and stem cutting
Grafting involves joining two plant parts, while stem cutting involves planting a detached stem to grow a new plant.
Bulb and rhizome
Bulbs are underground storage organs made of fleshy leaves, whereas rhizomes are underground stems that grow horizontally.
Binary fission and budding
Binary fission splits one cell into two identical cells, while budding forms a new organism as an outgrowth from the parent.
Hypogeal and epigeal germination
In hypogeal germination, cotyledons remain underground, whereas in epigeal germination, cotyledons rise above the soil.
Self and cross-pollination
Self-pollination occurs within the same flower or plant, while cross-pollination occurs between flowers of different plants.