Write chemical reactions that take place during carbonation in the Solvay process.

The Solvay process is used for the industrial production of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) from sodium chloride (NaCl) and limestone (CaCO₃). During carbonation, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is bubbled through ammonia solution to form ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃). The chemical reactions involved are:

1. Formation of ammonium bicarbonate:
Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium bicarbonate:

2. Reaction with sodium chloride:
Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride (NaCl) to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl):

3. Formation of sodium carbonate:
Sodium bicarbonate is then heated to form sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), releasing carbon dioxide and water:

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