Why are we able to distinguish between two sounds having the same loudness?

The ability to distinguish between two sounds with the same loudness is due to differences in their pitch (frequency) and quality (timbre). Pitch determines how high or low a sound is, while quality is influenced by the harmonics present in the sound. For example, a violin and a flute playing the same note at the same loudness still sound different because of their unique waveforms.

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