The diagram shows the schematic sketch of haemodialysis.

a. Identify X and Y components.

X = Blood cells and proteins

Y = Urea and other waste products

b. Why does blood component X not cross the dialysis membrane?

Blood cells and proteins are too large to pass through the dialysis membrane. The membrane has microscopic pores that allow only small molecules like urea, water, and electrolytes to diffuse.

c. How much of molecule Y will be removed from the patient’s blood?

The dialysis machine removes excess urea and waste products to restore normal blood composition, but not all of it is removed to maintain a balanced concentration.

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