Q.iv Discuss the production of important energy resources In Pakistan and their usages.

Ans: Production of Energy resources in Pakistan:
Electricity:
Electricity is obtained by the following methods in pakistan.
Hydro-Electric Power:
In our country, suitable areas for producing hydro-electric power are located
in the northern and north western mountain ranges. Natural conditions are
present there for the generation of electricity. In the plains it is possible to
produce hydro-electric power through increasing the force of flowing water in
rivers and canals. The large projects for producing hydro-electric power are
given below:
. Tarbela Dam (located on River Indus) is the biggest project for production of
hydro electric power. Ghazi Brotha project is the second biggest project.
. Mangla Dam (located on River Jhelum) is the third biggest source of hydro-
electric power in Pakistan. Warsak Dam has been built on River Kabul.
Besides these, hydro-electric power is also produced in Chashma hydro-
electric power station, Malakand, Dargai hydro-electric plan and Rasool
hydro-electric station.                                                                                                                                                                        b. Thermal-Electric Power:                                                                                                                                                 In Pakistan, thermal-electric power stations produce electricity with the help
of gas, oil and coal. Important thermal- electric power producing units are
located in Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad, Guddoo, Jamshoro,
Muzaffargarh, Sukkur, Larkana, Kotri, Pasni and Kot Addu. To meet the
energy requirements in the future, many plans have been made and quick
measures are being taken to implement some of these plans.

c. Nuclear Power:
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is responsible for the planning.
setting up, running of nuclear power plants in Pakistan. In the present era,
the atom is the most modern and complicated source of producing energy. It
is playing an important role in meeting the ever increasing energy
requirement of the world. Nuclear energy was first introduced in Pakistan in
1971 and in 1972 in Karachi the first plant “Karachi Nuclear Power Plants
(KANUPP)” was established. Four nuclear electricity stations are established
in Chashma called Chashma Nuclear Power Plants C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4
and are attached to the national grid                                                                                                                                     d.Solar-Electric Power:
The energy received from the Sun is called solar power and this is used to
produce electricity. Presently solar power is being used on a small scale in
Pakistan. Small machines and small motors are run on solar energy. In the
near future solar power will be the biggest source of energy. This is so
because other sources of energy are expensive and difficult to reach                                                                                       (e) Wind-Electric Power:
To obtain wind-electric power, fast moving windmills are used to produce
electricity. Work is underway in Pakistan to produce wind-electric
power.
Even though vast resources for producing wind-electric power are found in
coastal areas, Sindh and Balochistan and this source has been used at
small scale. Windmills comprise 3 or 4 big blades mounted on a pole. These
blades are called the turbines of the windmill. When these turbines move
with the wind then energy is produced.                                                                                                                                       Natural Gas:
According to an estimate, the daily average production of natural gas in
Pakistan is more than 4000 million cubic feet. This meets more than 40.3%
of the energy requirements of the country. It is an extremely cheap and clean
source of energy. It is an excellent alternative to coal and petroleum,
Besides domestic use, natural gas is also used.in urea, rayon, plastic, and
many other industries as raw material as well. The largest reserves of
Snatural gas are found in Sui which were discovered in 1952. Some reserves
of natural gas can be found in southern and northern Sindh. Besides this
some gas is obtained from Potowar in Punjab. According to Pakistan
Petroleum Limited (PPL), on June 30, 2018 the proven recoverable reserves
of natural gas were 2091 billion cubic feet.

3. Petroleum:
According to an estimate, in Pakistan, the daily average production of
petroleum is more than 80,000 barrels. The “Oil and Gas Development
Company Limited (OGDCL)” was established in 1961 to explore oil and gas
in Pakistan. Petroleum is a very big source of energy. 35% of the national
energy needs are met by petroleum. The geological conditions of Pakistan
are the proof that there are vast prospects of presence of petroleum. Most of
oil fields in Pakistan are located in Lower Sindh and Potowar Plateau.                                                                                   4. Coal:
According to an estimate, in Pakistan, the per annum production of coal is
more than five million tons. Coal is a cheap fuel. Its reserves in Pakistan
have been estimated at more than 185 billion tons. Coal reserves are
located in Balochistan, Potowar and southern Sindh. Thar in Sindh, has the
largest coal reserves in Pakistan. Sahiwal Coal Power Project (Sahiwa
Punjab) and Port Qasim Power Project (Karachi, Sindh) etc are importan
coal power projects.