Here are the proper biological names for each of the parts mentioned:
(a) Light-sensitive layer: Retina
(b) Controls the amount of light entering the eye: Iris
(c) Delicate, transparent layer at the front of the eye: Cornea
(d) Tough, white, outer layer of the eye: Sclera
(e) Jelly-like substance that keeps the eye in shape: Vitreous Body (Vitreous Humor)
(f) Carries nerve impulses to the brain: Optic Nerve (Nervus Opticus)
(g) Black middle layer: Choroid