Give an account of genes on chromosomes.

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes, carrying the instructions for synthesizing proteins. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each chromosome containing thousands of genes that regulate growth, development, and cellular functions.

Each gene has a specific location (locus) on a chromosome and exists in different versions known as alleles. Genes are inherited from both parents, with dominant alleles expressing traits and recessive alleles remaining hidden unless inherited from both parents. Mutations in genes can lead to genetic disorders, variations, and evolutionary adaptations.

 

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