Explain the structure and function of human vertebral column.

The vertebral column (spine) is a flexible structure made up of 33 vertebrae, which are divided into five regions:

1. Cervical vertebrae (7): Located in the neck, support the head, and allow movement.

2. Thoracic vertebrae (12): Attached to ribs, protect the heart and lungs.

3. Lumbar vertebrae (5): Found in the lower back, bear the body’s weight.

4. Sacral vertebrae (5, fused): Form the back part of the pelvis, providing support.

5. Coccygeal vertebrae (4, fused): Also known as the tailbone, help with balance and muscle attachment.

Functions of the vertebral column:

  • Provides structural support for the body.
  • Protects the spinal cord.
  • Allows movement through intervertebral discs, which act as cushions.
  • Maintains body posture and balance.

 

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