DNA replication is a complex, highly regulated process that ensures the accurate copying of the genetic material for cell division. It begins at specific sites called origins of replication, where the enzyme helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, creating two single strands that serve as templates. Single-strand binding proteins stabilize the unwound strands, preventing them from reannealing. Primase synthesizes short RNA primers to provide starting points for DNA synthesis. DNA polymerase then adds complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction, with one strand synthesized continuously (leading strand) and the other discontinuously (lagging strand) as Okazaki fragments. DNA polymerase also possesses proofreading capabilities, meaning it can detect and correct errors during replication, ensuring high fidelity in the copying process. DNA ligase seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments, resulting in two complete and identical DNA molecules. This process is critical for genetic stability and the proper transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.