Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in packaging the long DNA strands into a compact structure, allowing efficient organization and gene regulation. The primary components of chromatin include:
1. DNA: Carries genetic information in the form of genes.
2. Histone Proteins: Positively charged proteins that help in the coiling and folding of DNA.
3. Non-Histone Proteins: Involved in gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and structural support.
Chromatin exists in two main forms:
Euchromatin: Loosely packed and transcriptionally active, allowing gene expression.
Heterochromatin: Densely packed and transcriptionally inactive, playing a role in gene silencing and chromosome stability.
During cell division, chromatin further condenses to form chromosomes, ensuring accurate genetic material distribution between daughter cells.