Explain that a gene is a unit of inheritance and that it can be copied and passed on to the next generation.

A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains instructions for making a protein. During cell division, DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. In sexual reproduction, genes are passed from parents to offspring through gametes (sperm and egg cells).

The process follows these steps:

  1. Replication: DNA duplicates itself before cell division.
  2. Meiosis: Gametes receive half the genetic material, ensuring genetic variation.
  3. Fertilization: Combination of male and female genetic material restores the complete set of chromosomes.

Genes are responsible for transmitting inherited characteristics such as skin color, blood type, and genetic disorders from one generation to another.

 

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