Explain different types of format specifiers used in C with examples.

In C, format specifiers are used with functions like printf() and scanf() to control the input and output format of variables. Below are some commonly used format specifiers:

• %d or %i: Used for printing or reading integers.

  int num = 10;


  printf("%d", num); // Output: 10


• %f: Used for printing or reading floating-point numbers (e.g., float or double).

  float num = 3.14;


  printf("%f", num); // Output: 3.140000


• %c: Used for printing or reading a single character.

  char letter = 'A';


  printf("%c", letter); // Output: A


• %s: Used for printing or reading a string.

  char name[] = "John";


  printf("%s", name); // Output: John


• %lf: Used for printing double values (floating-point numbers with double precision).

  double num = 3.14159265359;


  printf("%lf", num); // Output: 3.141593


• %x: Used for printing integers in hexadecimal format.

  int num = 255;


  printf("%x", num); // Output: ff


Each format specifier is used to correctly interpret and print the corresponding type of data. These specifiers help control how the data is represented in the output.