(a) Compact and spongy bone:
Compact Bone: Dense, strong, and forms the outer layer of bones. Provides strength and support.
Spongy Bone: Porous, lightweight, and found inside bones. Contains red bone marrow for blood cell production.
(b) Cartilage and bone:
Cartilage: Soft, flexible connective tissue without blood vessels. Provides cushioning and support.
Bone: Hard, mineralized structure rich in calcium, forming the skeleton. Provides strength and support.
(c) Axial and appendicular skeleton:
Axial Skeleton: Consists of the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage. Provides support and protection.
Appendicular Skeleton: Includes limbs, shoulder, and pelvic girdles. Helps in movement.
(d) Moveable and immoveable joint:
Moveable Joint: Allows a wide range of motion (e.g., knee, elbow).
Immoveable Joint: Does not allow movement (e.g., skull sutures).
(e) Hinge joint and ball and socket joint:
Hinge Joint: Allows movement in one direction (e.g., knee, elbow).
Ball and Socket Joint: Allows movement in all directions (e.g., shoulder, hip).
(f) Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage:
Hyaline Cartilage: Smooth, reduces friction, found in joints and ribs.
Fibrocartilage: Tough, absorbs shocks, found in intervertebral discs.
(g) Fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage:
Fibrocartilage: Strong, supports weight, found in knee and spine.
Elastic Cartilage: Flexible, found in ears and epiglottis.
(h) Tendon and ligament:
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone, helping in movement.
Ligament: Connects bone to bone, stabilizing joints.
(i) Flexor and extensor:
Flexor: Bends a joint (e.g., biceps).
Extensor: Straightens a joint (e.g., triceps).
(j) Origin and insertion:
Origin: Fixed attachment of muscle.
Insertion: Movable attachment that moves during contraction.
(k) Biceps and triceps:
Biceps: A flexor muscle on the front of the upper arm.
Triceps: An extensor muscle on the back of the upper arm.