Describe the structure and uses of ATP.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells. It consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The energy is stored in the high-energy bonds between the phosphate groups. When one phosphate group is removed (via hydrolysis), energy is released, which can be used for cellular processes like muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and active transport.

Related Questions:

  1. Define enzyme and describe their characteristics and specifications.
  2. What is the energy of activation? Explain with reference to enzyme.
  3. What happens to enzymes when you increase or decrease: (a) Temperature (b) pH (c) Substrate concentration?
  4. Only the related key can open the lock. How is this fact true for enzymes? Explain with examples.
  5. Why are enzymes called biological catalysts?
  6. Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what pH do pepsin and trypsin enzymes act the best?
  7. What happens to an enzyme when it is frozen below 0°C?
  8. What happens when a protein-digesting enzyme functions in an acidic medium?
  9. How does an enzyme lower the activation energy?
  10. Why are enzymes specific and why can’t each one speed up many different reactions?
  11. Why is a small quantity of enzyme enough for catalyzing a large number of substrate molecules into products?
  12. According to the induced fit model, the active site is flexible. Does it mean that any substrate can attach to this flexible active site? If not, then explain.
  13. Sketch the structure of ATP.
  14. Write the equation of: a) Photosynthesis b) Fermentation c) Aerobic respiration
  15. Name the products of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
  16. Why is a part of photosynthesis called dark reactions?
  17. How are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration interlinked with each other?
  18. What is the role of the enzyme amylase?
  19. How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
  20. Why are enzymes considered highly specific?