Synovial joints are the most common type of movable joints in the human body. They allow free movement in various directions. Their structure includes:
Articular cartilage: Covers the ends of bones, reducing friction.
Synovial membrane: Lines the joint cavity, producing synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid: Lubricates the joint and absorbs shock.
Joint capsule: A tough layer surrounding the joint, holding bones together.\/’
Ligaments: Connect bones and provide stability.
Types of synovial joints:
1. Hinge joint: Movement in one direction (e.g., knee, elbow).
2. Ball and socket joint: Movement in all directions (e.g., hip, shoulder).
3. Pivot joint: Rotation around an axis (e.g., neck).
4. Gliding joint: Sliding movement (e.g., wrist).
5. Saddle joint: Movement back and forth and side to side (e.g., thumb).
Functions:
Allow movement and flexibility.
Absorb shock during movement.
Support body weight and posture.