Describe the role of a gene in protein synthesis.

A gene plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by serving as the blueprint for building specific proteins. This process occurs in two main stages:

  1. Transcription (DNA to mRNA)
    • The gene (a specific segment of DNA) is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) inside the nucleus.
    • RNA polymerase binds to the gene’s promoter region and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template.
    • This mRNA carries the genetic instructions from the DNA to the ribosome.
  2. Translation (mRNA to Protein)
    • The mRNA travels to the ribosome, where it is read in sets of three nucleotides (codons).
    • Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, which is brought by transfer RNA (tRNA).
    • The ribosome assembles these amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

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