Ozone depletion refers to the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere due to human-made chemicals, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These chemicals release chlorine and bromine atoms, which break down ozone molecules.
Effects of Ozone Depletion:
- Increased UV Radiation: More ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun reach the Earth’s surface, increasing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system disorders in humans.
- Harm to Marine Ecosystems: UV radiation affects phytoplankton, the base of the ocean food chain, disrupting marine life. It also damages fish eggs and larval development.
- Negative Impact on Plants and Crops: High UV exposure reduces crop yields and damages plant DNA, affecting agricultural productivity.
- Climate Impact: Some ozone-depleting substances, like CFCs, are also potent greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.