Define intensity level. Derive the formula for its decibel scale.

Intensity level (sound level) is the logarithmic measure of the intensity of a sound relative to a reference intensity . It is measured in decibels (dB).

Formula derivation:

L = 10 \log \left( \frac{I}{I_0} \right)

10. Explain the difference in the speed of sound in different mediums. What are different properties of a medium that affect the speed of sound?

The speed of sound depends on the density and elasticity of the medium.

Speed in different media:

Solids: Fastest (Steel ≈ 5000 m/s)

Liquids: Slower than solids (Water ≈ 1480 m/s)

Gases: Slowest (Air ≈ 340 m/s)

Factors affecting speed:

Density: Higher density usually reduces speed.

Elasticity: More elastic materials allow faster sound travel.

Temperature: Higher temperature increases the speed of sound in gases.

Humidity: More water vapor increases speed in air.

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