Acids:Acids are chemical substances that produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. The strength of an acid depends on the concentration of H⁺ ions it produces.
Examples:
1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) – Found in stomach acid and used for cleaning purposes.
2. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) – Used in car batteries and the production of fertilizers.
3. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) – Found in vinegar and used as a preservative.
Properties of Acids:
1. Taste: Acids have a sour taste (e.g., lemon juice contains citric acid).
2. Effect on Litmus Paper: Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
3. Reaction with Metals: Acids react with metals like zinc and magnesium to release hydrogen gas.
4. Electrical Conductivity: Acids conduct electricity due to the presence of free H⁺ ions.
5. Neutralization Reaction: Acids react with bases to form salt and water.