FreeNotes
Force-Extension Graph for Elastic Solids The force-extension graph for an elastic solid (such as a spring) shows the relationship between the applied force and the extension (displacement) of the material. Here’s an explanation of the graph: Graph Overview: X-axis represents the extension or displacement of the solid (measured in meters). Y-axis represents the force applied … Read more
Hooke’s Law states that the force required to stretch or compress a spring is directly proportional to the displacement (change in length) of the spring from its equilibrium position. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F=k⋅x Where: F is the force applied to the spring (in newtons, N), k is the spring constant (in newtons per meter, … Read more
Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after being deformed by an external force. When the force is removed, the material will regain its original dimensions if the deformation is within the material’s elastic limit. Elastic limit is the maximum amount of stress or strain that … Read more
A small car lifter operates based on Pascal’s law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. A hydraulic system in the lifter consists of a small input piston and a larger output piston. When force is applied to the small piston, it creates pressure in the fluid, … Read more
In a static fluid, the molecules are in constant random motion, colliding in all directions. When a surface is placed within the fluid, the pressure at any point arises due to the weight of the fluid above it and molecular collisions. These collisions exert forces equally in all directions, but the net force on any … Read more
When a spring of constant k is cut into two equal parts, each part becomes stiffer because the same force causes a greater displacement in a shorter length. The spring constant of each half is given by k’ = 2k. This means that when one of the halves is loaded with the same mass m, … Read more
When a metal wire is bent repeatedly, it undergoes cyclic stress that weakens its internal structure. Every time it is bent, microscopic cracks develop at the stressed points. These cracks propagate further with each bend, reducing the wire’s strength. Eventually, the accumulated stress surpasses the material’s endurance limit, leading to fracture. This phenomenon is known … Read more
A machine is efficient when most of the input energy is converted into useful output energy, with minimal energy lost as heat or friction. Related Questions: A car is moving with a constant speed along a straight road. Is there any work done on the car? Does the work done in raising a box up … Read more
Gravitational potential energy decreases when an object is taken from Earth to the Moon because the Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s. Related Questions: A car is moving with a constant speed along a straight road. Is there any work done on the car? Does the work done in raising a box up in … Read more
A ball bounces lower after each bounce because some of its energy is converted into heat, sound, and deformation, so less energy remains to propel it upwards. Related Questions: A car is moving with a constant speed along a straight road. Is there any work done on the car? Does the work done in raising … Read more