7. Density and Temperature

How would you distinguish between solids, liquids, and gases based on attractive forces and particle motion?

The distinction between solids, liquids, and gases can be understood by examining the attractive forces between particles and their motion. Here’s a breakdown: 1. Solids: Attractive Forces: In solids, the particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) experience strong attractive forces that hold them in fixed positions. These forces are typically ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds, depending … Read more

Define density. Describe methods to determine the densities of regular and irregular-shaped solids, liquids, and gases.

Definition of Density: Density is defined as the mass of an object per unit volume. It is mathematically expressed as: Density=Mass/Volume​ The standard unit of density is typically grams per milliliter (g/mL) for liquids and solids, and kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) for gases. Methods to Determine the Densities of Different Substances: 1. Regular-Shaped Solids: … Read more

One student claims to have constructed a more sensitive liquid-in-glass thermometer. How can her claim be verified?

By comparing its temperature readings with a standard thermometer at different conditions and checking if smaller temperature changes are detected. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top of the other. Which liquid is … Read more

Can we increase the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer without changing its range?

Yes, by using a thinner capillary tube or a liquid with a higher expansion rate. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top of the other. Which liquid is on top, and why? How … Read more

Why is a thermocouple thermometer suitable for measuring high temperatures but not a liquid-in-glass thermometer?

A thermocouple thermometer can measure high temperatures due to its heat-resistant metal junctions, while a liquid-in-glass thermometer is limited by the boiling point of its liquid. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top … Read more

Why is -273.15°C called absolute zero? Can we achieve this temperature?

Absolute zero is the lowest theoretical temperature where all molecular motion stops. It cannot be achieved practically but can be closely approached in laboratories. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top of the … Read more

Mercury is replaced with alcohol in liquid-in-glass thermometers. Discuss the possible change in sensitivity and range of the thermometer.

Replacing mercury with alcohol increases sensitivity because alcohol expands more with temperature changes. However, alcohol has a lower boiling point and higher freezing point, reducing the thermometer’s range. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats … Read more

Why are fixed point scales required for thermometers? What difficulties are there when setting fixed points for thermometer scales?

Fixed points provide reference temperatures for calibration. Difficulties include maintaining pure substances at fixed temperatures and accounting for environmental variations. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top of the other. Which liquid is … Read more

Can we increase the internal energy of a substance without increasing its temperature?

Yes, internal energy can be increased by changing the phase of a substance (melting, boiling) or doing work on it, even if the temperature remains constant. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top … Read more

Why is water not used in liquid-in-glass thermometers?

Water is not used because it has a high freezing point (0°C), a low boiling point (100°C), and adheres to glass, making readings inaccurate. Related Questions: Two liquids A and B have densities of 1 g/mL and 1.2 g/mL, respectively. When both liquids are poured into a container, one liquid floats on top of the … Read more