FreeNotes
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter. Waves can travel through different mediums, or in some cases, even through empty space. Example: When a stone is dropped into a still pond, circular ripples spread outward. These ripples represent waves carrying energy across the surface of the … Read more
Damping is the gradual decrease in the amplitude of an oscillating system due to resistive forces such as friction, air resistance, or internal material forces. Types of oscillations: Undamped oscillations: The amplitude remains constant because no external resistive force is present. Example: an ideal pendulum in a vacuum. Damped oscillations: The amplitude decreases over time … Read more
A simple pendulum consists of a small mass (bob) attached to a string of fixed length, suspended from a rigid support. When displaced slightly, it oscillates back and forth under the influence of gravity. Derivation of SHM for a simple pendulum: The restoring force acting on the bob is: F=-mg sinθ For small angles (θ=sinθ), … Read more
If a steel ball is placed at the lowest point of a smooth, curved bowl and slightly displaced, it moves back and forth. When the ball is displaced, gravity and the normal force of the bowl create a restoring force directed toward the equilibrium position. The acceleration of the ball is proportional to its displacement, … Read more
Vibration: A complete to-and-fro motion of an oscillating object around its equilibrium position. One full cycle of motion is called one vibration. Amplitude (A): The maximum displacement of an oscillating object from its mean position. It determines the energy of the oscillation. Time period (T): The time required to complete one full oscillation. It is … Read more
Consider a mass attached to a vertical spring with a force constant . When displaced from its equilibrium position, the restoring force acts in the opposite direction, according to Hooke’s Law: F= -kx Applying Newton’s second law, ma= -kx a= -kx/m Since acceleration is proportional to displacement and directed toward the equilibrium position, the motion … Read more
Oscillation refers to the repeated motion of a body about a fixed point or equilibrium position. It can be periodic or non-periodic, depending on whether the motion follows a regular time pattern. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a special type of oscillatory motion in which the restoring force acting on the body is directly proportional … Read more
Waves diffract the most when their wavelength is comparable to or larger than the size of the obstacle or opening they pass through. Related Questions: Give an example of vibratory motion which is not simple harmonic motion. Give a reason for your selection. At the extreme position, velocity is zero but acceleration is maximum in … Read more
Water waves refract because their speed changes when moving from one depth to another, causing a change in wavelength and direction. Related Questions: Give an example of vibratory motion which is not simple harmonic motion. Give a reason for your selection. At the extreme position, velocity is zero but acceleration is maximum in simple harmonic … Read more
Frequency and time period are inversely related. If the time period decreases, frequency increases. Wave speed remains the same if the medium does not change. Related Questions: Give an example of vibratory motion which is not simple harmonic motion. Give a reason for your selection. At the extreme position, velocity is zero but acceleration is … Read more