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Optical fibre is a thin, flexible strand of glass or plastic used to transmit light signals. Light travels through total internal reflection, bouncing off the inner walls without escaping. Used in communication, medical endoscopy, and networking. Related Questions: What is reflection of light? Define the following terms: Incident ray, reflected ray, normal, angle of incidence, … Read more
Total Internal Reflection (TIR) is a phenomenon in optics that occurs when a light wave traveling through a medium hits the boundary with another medium at an angle larger than a critical angle and is completely reflected back into the original medium. This means that no refraction occurs, and all the light is reflected. Necessary … Read more
The laws of refraction, also known as Snell’s Laws, describe how light behaves when it passes from one medium to another. These laws are fundamental in understanding how light bends when traveling through different materials. Laws of Refraction First Law of Refraction (Snell’s Law): The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the … Read more
Refraction of Light: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed. When light travels from a medium of one optical density to another, its speed changes, causing the light to bend. This bending of light is called refraction. The amount of bending … Read more
Real Image: Formed by actual convergence of rays; can be projected on a screen; inverted. Virtual Image: Formed by apparent divergence of rays; cannot be projected on a screen; erect. Basic rays for ray diagrams: 1. A ray parallel to the principal axis passes through the focus after reflection. 2. A ray passing through the … Read more
The spherical mirror formula relates the focal length fff, the object distance uuu, and the image distance vvv for a spherical mirror (concave or convex mirror). The formula is given as: 1/f=1/v+1/υ Definitions: f: Focal length of the mirror v: Image distance (distance from the mirror to the image) υ: Object distance (distance from the … Read more
Principal focus: The point where parallel rays meet or appear to diverge after reflection. Focal length (f): The distance between the pole (P) and focus (F). Positive focal length: A convex mirror has a positive focal length because its focus is behind the mirror. Negative focal length: A concave mirror has a negative focal length … Read more
A concave mirror converges parallel rays to a single focus, so it is called a converging mirror. A convex mirror spreads parallel rays outward, making them appear to come from a virtual focus, so it is called a diverging mirror. Related Questions: What is reflection of light? Define the following terms: Incident ray, reflected … Read more
A spherical mirror is a mirror that has the shape of a piece cut out of a spherical surface. There are two types of spherical mirrors: concave mirror and convex mirror. Types of Spherical Mirrors: 1. Concave mirror (converging mirror) 2. Convex mirror (diverging mirror) Terms in Spherical Mirrors: Pole (P): The center of the mirror … Read more
Reflection of light is the bouncing back of light when it strikes a smooth surface. Incident ray: The incoming ray that strikes the surface. Reflected ray: The outgoing ray after reflection. Normal: A perpendicular line drawn at the point of incidence. Angle of incidence (i): The angle between the incident ray and the normal. Angle … Read more