FreeNotes
Resistors in Parallel When resistors are connected in parallel, they are arranged such that the opposite ends of each resistor are connected to the same two points in the circuit. In other words, they share the same potential difference (voltage) across them. Characteristics of Resistors in Parallel: Same Voltage: All resistors in parallel experience the … Read more
Resistances in Series Connection When resistors are connected end-to-end in a single path for the flow of current, they are said to be in series. In this type of connection, the current remains the same through all the resistors, but the voltage divides among them. Characteristics of Series Resistance Connection Same Current: The same current … Read more
Definition of Resistance Resistance (RRR) is the opposition offered by a material to the flow of electric current. It determines how much a conductor resists the movement of free electrons when a voltage is applied. Mathematically, resistance is given by Ohm’s Law: R=V/I where: R = Resistance (Ohms, Ω) V = Voltage (Volts, V) I = … Read more
Analysis of IV Characteristic Graphs for Different Conductors The I-V characteristic graph represents the relationship between the current (I) and voltage (V) for different electrical components. The nature of this graph helps determine whether a material exhibits Ohmic or Non-Ohmic behavior. 1. Metallic Conductor (Ohmic Behavior) Graph Shape: A straight line passing through the origin. … Read more
Ohm’s Law Ohm’s Law states that the current (III) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (VVV) across it, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. Mathematically, it is expressed as: V=IR where: V = Voltage (Volts, V) I = Current (Amperes, A) R = Resistance (Ohms, Ω\OmegaΩ) Limitations of Ohm’s … Read more
Difference Between EMF and Potential Difference Aspect Electromotive Force (EMF) Potential Difference (PD) Definition The total energy supplied by a source per unit charge to drive the charge around a complete circuit. The energy difference per unit charge between two points in a circuit. Symbol ε V Formula ε= W/Q V=W/Q Source Produced by a … Read more
Definition of Electric Current Electric current (III) is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor or circuit. Mathematically, it is expressed as: I=Q/t where: I = current (in amperes, A Q = charge (in coulombs, C) t = time (in seconds, s) The SI unit of electric current is the … Read more
To show that Volt-Ampere (VA) is equal to Watt (W), let’s analyze the units step by step. Step 1: Define Power Electrical power (P) is given by: P=V×I where: V is the voltage in volts (V), I is the current in amperes (A). Step 2: Express SI Units The SI unit of voltage (V) is: 1 … Read more
This indicates that the headlamps are connected in parallel. In a series circuit, if one bulb burns out, the entire circuit breaks, and both lamps stop working. In a parallel circuit, each lamp has an independent path to the power source. If one burns out, the other continues working normally. This is why automobile headlights … Read more
The earth acts as a conductor and is considered to be at zero potential. If a person touches a live wire while barefoot, a potential difference is created between the body and the earth, allowing current to flow through the body to the ground. This can result in severe electric shock or electrocution. To prevent … Read more