FreeNotes
Frequency (f) is the number of oscillations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz), while the time period (T) is the time taken for one complete oscillation, measured in seconds. They are related by the equation: f=1/T Related Questions: Give an example of vibratory motion which is not simple harmonic motion. Give a reason for your … Read more
The acceleration of a simple pendulum is given by . Since acceleration depends on displacement , as the pendulum moves away from the equilibrium position, increases, leading to greater acceleration due to the restoring force. Related Questions: At the extreme position, velocity is zero but acceleration is maximum in simple harmonic motion. How can you … Read more
A ripple tank is a shallow glass-bottomed tank filled with water used to study wave behavior. Construction: A transparent tray filled with water. A light source placed above to project wave patterns onto a screen below. A motorized vibrator to generate waves. Barriers and obstacles to study wave interactions. Working: When the vibrator moves, it … Read more
Definition: Frequency (f): The number of wave cycles per second. Time Period (T): The time taken for one complete wave cycle. From the wave equation: f = 1/T T = 1(f) This means that frequency and time period are reciprocals of each other. If the frequency increases, the time period decreases, and vice versa. Example: … Read more
The formula for wave speed can be derived from the wave equation: v = fλ Where: – v is the wave speed (in meters per second) – f is the frequency (in hertz) – λ is the wavelength (in meters) The wave equation describes the relationship between the wavelength, frequency, and wave speed for any … Read more
Longitudinal Waves: A wave in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Example: Sound waves in the air, where air particles vibrate back and forth in the same direction as the wave. Key Terms for Longitudinal Waves: Compression: A region where particles are close together, representing high pressure. … Read more
Transverse Waves: A wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Example: Water waves in a pond, where the water particles move up and down while the wave moves forward. Key Terms for Transverse Waves: Crest: The highest point of a transverse wave. Trough: The lowest point … Read more
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter. Waves can travel through different mediums, or in some cases, even through empty space. Example: When a stone is dropped into a still pond, circular ripples spread outward. These ripples represent waves carrying energy across the surface of the … Read more
Damping is the gradual decrease in the amplitude of an oscillating system due to resistive forces such as friction, air resistance, or internal material forces. Types of oscillations: Undamped oscillations: The amplitude remains constant because no external resistive force is present. Example: an ideal pendulum in a vacuum. Damped oscillations: The amplitude decreases over time … Read more
A simple pendulum consists of a small mass (bob) attached to a string of fixed length, suspended from a rigid support. When displaced slightly, it oscillates back and forth under the influence of gravity. Derivation of SHM for a simple pendulum: The restoring force acting on the bob is: F=-mg sinθ For small angles (θ=sinθ), … Read more