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Ans: When army’s Chief, Zia-ul-Haq, overthrew the Bhutto government and declared martial law on 5th July 1977. He ruled over the country for about 11 years from July 1977 to August 1988. Related Questions: Q(i). Enlist four salient features of the 1973 constitution. Q(ii), Mention major steps taken by Benazir Government during her first tenure … Read more
Ans: The National Assembly elections were held on 7th March, 1977 in which People’s Party won with a great majority. The National Alliance blamed it of rigging the polls and boycotted the provincial elections. held on 10th March. The elections were declared invalid. Afterwards, a movement called ‘Nizam- e-Mustafa’ was started. Related Questions: Q(i). Enlist … Read more
Ans: During the elections of 1977, all the political parties in the country had decided to fight against People’s Party. All the parties formed an alliance called ‘Pakistan National Alliance’. Maulana Mufti Mahmud was the Head of this alliance. Related Questions: Q26. Who emerged as the new government in the elections of 2018? Q(i). Enlist … Read more
Ans: Negative Impacts: 1.Inflation affected the salaried class the most. Devaluation of currency though increased export, but also increased the price of commodities. 2.The import of luxury goods increased. There was an increase in the import expense of machinery which affected the balance of payment. 3.Due to the burden on the national treasury, the secure … Read more
Ans: Positive Impacts: 1.The nationalization of industrial units increased the production of the state industries. 2.The Bhutto government encouraged the import of machinery and raw material for industrial expansion. The trade balance of Pakistan improved and the country was advanced towards progress. Economic growth started in the country 3.The export was increased. Even the vegetables … Read more
Ans: Negative Impacts: By nationalization of the private educational institutions the government had to pay the salaries of the staff from the national treasury. This financial burden increased the difficulties of the government. 2.The owners of the private institutions were unhappy for this nationalization and they started a struggle to get back their educational institutions. … Read more
Ans Positive Impacts: The government of Mr. Bhutto nationalized many of the private educational institutions in the country in 1971. The salaries of the educational staff working in these institutions were very low. Due to nationalization, the financial benefits of the employees were brought on a par with those of the government educational institutions. 2. … Read more
Ans. Negative Impacts: Since the industries came under government control, the capitalists set up only few industries in Pakistan, due to which the industrial development slowed down. By taking the control of industrial units, the government expenditure increased tremendously. 2 .The labour unions took advantage of the political freedom and went on strikes and demonstrations … Read more
Ans:Positive Impact: 1.Due to the Labour Reforms of 1972, the exploitation of the labourers was ended. Their salaries and other benefits were increased, 2.The industrial institutions began to pay all duties and taxes to the government, which increased the national income, and the country advanced towards progress. 3.The mill owners showed better attitude with the … Read more
Ans: Auricultural Reforms: Agriculture is the profession of a majority of population in Pakistan. To save the farmers from exploitation, Bhutto’s government announced the following agricultural reforms: 1.The land purchased by Govt, servants during their services of two years after their retirement, was limited up to 100 acres. 2.The surplus land would be taken over … Read more