FreeNotes
The Application Layer is the topmost layer in the OSI model and interacts directly with end-user applications. It provides services like email, file transfer, and network management, enabling applications to communicate over the network. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine differ … Read more
Mesh topology provides multiple connections between devices, ensuring redundancy and fault tolerance. However, it is costly to implement because of the extensive wiring and complexity required to connect each device to every other device in the network. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did Charles Babbage’s … Read more
Star topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch. It is easy to set up and maintain but can be disrupted if the central hub fails. Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular fashion, and data travels in one direction. It is efficient but can be vulnerable to failure if any device … Read more
A peer-to-peer network allows devices to act as both clients and servers, sharing resources directly with each other. Its limitations include less centralized control, reduced security, and scalability issues compared to a client/server network, where dedicated servers manage resources and security. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? … Read more
Asynchronous transmission sends data at irregular intervals, using start and stop bits to mark data boundaries (used in lower-speed devices like keyboards). Synchronous transmission sends data in a continuous stream, synchronized with a clock signal (used in higher-speed communication, like Ethernet). Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? … Read more
A switch intelligently directs data to the specific device it is intended for, reducing collisions and improving network efficiency. A hub, on the other hand, broadcasts data to all connected devices, leading to more network traffic and potential collisions. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did … Read more
Start and stop bits are used in serial communication to signal the beginning and end of data transmission. A start bit marks the beginning of data transmission, and stop bits signal the end of the data frame, ensuring that the data is received correctly. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone … Read more
Simplex: Data flows in one direction only (e.g., keyboard to computer). Half-duplex: Data flows in both directions, but not simultaneously (e.g., walkie-talkies). Full-duplex: Data flows in both directions simultaneously (e.g., telephone conversation). Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine differ from the … Read more
A protocol is a set of rules that govern the exchange of data between devices in a network. It defines the format, timing, and error-checking mechanisms to ensure successful communication and data integrity. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine differ from … Read more
Impact Printers: Advantages: Durable, can print multi-part forms, relatively inexpensive. Disadvantages: Noisy, slower printing speeds, lower print quality. Non-Impact Printers: Advantages: Quiet operation, high-quality prints, faster printing speeds. Disadvantages: More expensive, cannot print multi-part forms, limited durability. Related Questions: What is the function and significance of Napier’s Bone in early computing? How did Charles Babbage’s … Read more