FreeNotes
An escape sequence is used to represent special characters that cannot be typed directly, such as newline, tab, or quotes. For example, \n represents a newline, \t represents a tab space, and \” represents a double quote. Example: printf(“Hello\nWorld”); This will print “Hello” on one line and “World” on the next. Related Questions: Why is … Read more
A format specifier is used to specify the type of data that should be displayed or processed when using input/output functions like printf() and scanf(). It ensures proper formatting of values. For example, %d is used for integers, %f for floating-point numbers, and %s for strings. Example: int num = 10; printf(“The number is %d”, … Read more
Dynamic memory allocation allows programs to allocate memory at runtime, enabling flexibility in managing memory. This is achieved through functions like malloc(), calloc(), and free(). malloc(): The malloc() function allocates a block of memory of a specified size and returns a pointer to it. The memory is not initialized. int *ptr = (int *)malloc(5 * … Read more
In C, a function is a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are used to break down a program into smaller, reusable sections, making the code more organized and modular. The function is defined by its name, return type, parameters, and body. Functions in C can be categorized into two types: … Read more
C provides three primary types of loops to perform repetitive tasks: for, while, and do-while loops. For Loop: The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand. It has three parts: initialization, condition check, and increment/decrement. Example: for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf(“%d “, i); } … Read more
In C, = is the assignment operator, used to assign a value to a variable. For example, x = 5; assigns the value 5 to the variable x. On the other hand, == is the equality operator, used to compare two values for equality. It returns true (1) if the values are equal, and false … Read more
A switch statement is a control flow mechanism in C used to execute one of many code blocks based on the value of a variable. It evaluates an expression and compares its value with multiple case labels. When a match is found, the corresponding block of code is executed. The break statement is used to … Read more
In C, storage classes define the scope, lifetime, and visibility of variables. The main types are: auto: Default for local variables, their scope is limited to the block in which they are declared. register: Used for variables that should be stored in a register rather than RAM for faster access. static: Preserves the value of … Read more
Both while and do-while are used for repeating a block of code, but they differ in how they check the loop condition. In a while loop, the condition is checked before the code block is executed, meaning the loop may not execute at all if the condition is false initially. In contrast, a do-while loop … Read more
A pointer in C is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Instead of holding data itself, a pointer holds the location where the data is stored in memory. Pointers are used to directly access and modify the value of variables through their addresses. To declare a pointer, the asterisk (*) symbol … Read more