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A strong electrolyte completely dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), which dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. A weak electrolyte only partially dissociates into ions, like acetic acid (CH₃COOH), which remains mostly in molecular form. Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the following compounds: HF, NH₃, H₂SO₄, SO₂, H₂S, … Read more
An oxidizing agent is a substance that accepts electrons and gets reduced in the process. A reducing agent, in contrast, donates electrons and gets oxidized. For example, oxygen is an oxidizing agent because it accepts electrons, and hydrogen is a reducing agent because it donates electrons. Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the following compounds: … Read more
Valency is the number of bonds an atom can form with other atoms, reflecting its ability to combine. Oxidation state, on the other hand, indicates the number of electrons an atom has gained or lost when forming a compound, or its charge in a molecule. For example, in NaCl\text{NaCl}NaCl, sodium has a valency of 1 … Read more
Reduction refers to the process in which an atom, ion, or molecule gains electrons, or loses oxygen or gains hydrogen. An example is the reduction of copper(II) oxide (CuO) by hydrogen: CuO+H2→Cu+H2OIn this case, copper oxide gains hydrogen and loses oxygen, resulting in the formation of copper metal. Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the … Read more
Oxidation is the process in which an atom, ion, or molecule loses electrons. A common example is the reaction of zinc (Zn) in a galvanic cell:Zn→Zn2++2e−\text{Zn} \rightarrow \text{Zn}^{2+} + 2e^-Zn→Zn2++2e−In this reaction, zinc loses two electrons and is oxidized to zinc ions (Zn2+\text{Zn}^{2+}Zn2+). Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the following compounds: HF, NH₃, H₂SO₄, … Read more
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to another substance. H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) donates a proton when it dissolves in water: H2SO4(aq)→HSO4−(aq)+H+(aq). In this reaction, H₂SO₄ donates a proton to water, demonstrating its role as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the following compounds: HF, … Read more
When hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with barium carbonate (BaCO₃), the products are barium chloride (BaCl₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). The reaction is: BaCO3(s)+2HCl(aq)→BaCl2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l). The salt formed is barium chloride (BaCl₂). Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the following compounds: HF, NH₃, H₂SO₄, SO₂, H₂S, H₂O How does calcium metal react with dilute H₂SO₄? … Read more
Calcium metal reacts with dilute sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to produce calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), hydrogen gas (H₂), and heat. The reaction can be written as: Ca(s)+H2SO4(aq)→CaSO4(aq)+H2(g). The reaction is vigorous, and hydrogen gas is released, which can be detected by its characteristic “pop” sound when exposed to a flame. Related Questions: Choose Arrhenius acids from the … Read more
Arrhenius acids are substances that, when dissolved in water, increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺). From the list, HF (hydrofluoric acid), H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid), H₂S (hydrosulfuric acid), and H₂O (water) can be considered Arrhenius acids because they dissociate to release hydrogen ions in solution. NH₃ (ammonia) and SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) are not Arrhenius acids; … Read more
Combustion reactions are typically irreversible because they release a significant amount of energy in the form of heat and light, converting reactants (usually a fuel and oxygen) into highly stable products, such as carbon dioxide and water. The products of combustion are stable and do not readily revert back to the reactants. For example, burning … Read more