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Aspect Reversible reaction Irreversible reaction Definition A reversible reaction occurs in both forward and reverse directions. An irreversible reaction occurs in one direction only. Equilibrium It achieves a state of dynamic equilibrium where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. No equilibrium is established in such reactions. Completion … Read more
Role of Catalyst: A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally. It lowers the activation energy for both reactions, allowing equilibrium to be reached more quickly. Effect on Equilibrium Position: A catalyst does not change the position of equilibrium or the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc). It only reduces the time … Read more
Applications: 1. Haber Process (Ammonia Production): To increase ammonia production: Increase pressure (favors fewer gas molecules). Decrease temperature (favors the exothermic reaction). Remove ammonia as it forms (shifts equilibrium to the right). 2. Contact Process (Sulfuric Acid Production): High pressure and low temperature favor the formation of sulfuric acid . 3. Production of Methanol: High … Read more
Macroscopic characteristics of an equilibrium reaction: The macroscopic characteristics of an equilibrium reaction are: 1. Constant concentrations of reactants and products: The concentrations of all substances remain unchanged over time. 2. No observable changes: There are no visible changes in color, pressure, or other measurable properties. 3. Temperature-dependent: The equilibrium position depends on temperature; increasing … Read more
The Law of Mass Action states: The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants, each raised to the power of its respective stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. Mathematical Representation: For a general reaction: aA+bB→PRODUCT The rate of the reaction is: Rate∝[A]a[B]b Where: … Read more
For exothermic reactions, an increase in temperature decreases the value of Kc. For endothermic reactions, an increase in temperature increases the value of Kc. Related Questions: Define chemical equilibrium with example What is meant by chemical equilibrium? What is the effect of decreasing pressure on a gaseous equilibrium system? What is dynamic equilibrium? CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM … Read more
Dynamic equilibrium: Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction in a reversible reaction, with no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products. Related Questions: Define chemical equilibrium with example What is meant by chemical equilibrium? What is the effect of decreasing pressure on … Read more
If pressure is decreased, the equilibrium shifts toward the side with more gaseous molecules to increase the pressure again. Related Questions: Define chemical equilibrium with example What is meant by chemical equilibrium? What is dynamic equilibrium? How does temperature affect the equilibrium constant? CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Differentiate between reversible and irreversible reactions? State Le-Chatelier’s principle. What … Read more
Chemical equilibrium Chemical equilibrium is a state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. Related Questions: Define chemical equilibrium with example CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM What is the effect of decreasing pressure on a gaseous equilibrium system? … Read more
“The state of a reversible chemical reaction in which the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of backward reaction in called chemical equilibrium/Dynamic equilibrium”. OR The state in which both reactants and products are presents in concentration in which no further tendency to change with time. Examples: Change of a liquid to … Read more