FreeNotes
Applications: 1. Haber Process (Ammonia Production): To increase ammonia production: Increase pressure (favors fewer gas molecules). Decrease temperature (favors the exothermic reaction). Remove ammonia as it forms (shifts equilibrium to the right). 2. Contact Process (Sulfuric Acid Production): High pressure and low temperature favor the formation of sulfuric acid . 3. Production of Methanol: High … Read more
Macroscopic characteristics of an equilibrium reaction: The macroscopic characteristics of an equilibrium reaction are: 1. Constant concentrations of reactants and products: The concentrations of all substances remain unchanged over time. 2. No observable changes: There are no visible changes in color, pressure, or other measurable properties. 3. Temperature-dependent: The equilibrium position depends on temperature; increasing … Read more
The Law of Mass Action states: The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants, each raised to the power of its respective stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. Mathematical Representation: For a general reaction: aA+bB→PRODUCT The rate of the reaction is: Rate∝[A]a[B]b Where: … Read more