Chemistry 10

Describe the different types of carbohydrates with examples. 

Carbohydrates are classified into three types: 1. Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars): Structure: Single sugar unit Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose Function: Provide quick energy 2. Disaccharides (Double Sugars): Structure: Two sugar units Examples: Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Glucose + Galactose) Function: Found in milk, fruits, and sugarcane 3. Polysaccharides (Complex Sugars): Structure: Long chains of sugar … Read more

Explain the structure and function of proteins in the body.

Structure of Proteins: Made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds Form polypeptides, which fold into 3D structures Protein structure levels: 1. Primary structure – Amino acid sequence 2. Secondary structure – Helices and sheets 3. Tertiary structure – 3D folding 4. Quaternary structure – Multiple polypeptide chains Functions of Proteins: Enzymes (speed up reactions, … Read more

Explain sources and uses of lipids.

Sources of Lipids: Plants: Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils Animals: Butter, cheese, meat fats Uses of Lipids: Store energy Insulate and protect organs Form cell membranes (phospholipids) Act as hormones (steroids like testosterone, estrogen)   Related Questions: Which compounds are included in lipids? Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a reason. What is … Read more

Describe bonding in a protein molecule.

Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Types of bonding in proteins: 1. Peptide bond → Forms between amino acids 2. Hydrogen bonds → Maintain the helical structure 3. Ionic bonds → Form between charged amino acid groups 4. Disulfide bridges → Provide stability to proteins   Related Questions: Distinguish between mono-, di-, … Read more

Distinguish between mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides. Give examples.

Monosaccharides (Single Sugar Unit): Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose Function: Provide instant energy Disaccharides (Two Sugar Units): Examples: Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose (Table sugar) Lactose = Glucose + Galactose (Milk sugar) Maltose = Glucose + Glucose (Malt sugar) Function: Found in food sources like milk, fruits, sugarcane Trisaccharides (Three Sugar Units): Example: Raffinose = Glucose … Read more

What is the function of DNA?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) functions: Stores genetic information that determines traits Controls protein synthesis in cells Guides cell division and reproduction Passes hereditary information from parents to offspring DNA structure: It is a double helix made of nucleotides, which include: Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C) Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is … Read more

Which compounds are included in lipids?

Lipids include: Fats (triglycerides) → Found in butter, meat, dairy Oils → Found in olive oil, fish oil Waxes → Found in beeswax, earwax Phospholipids → Make up cell membranes Steroids → Include cholesterol, hormones (estrogen, testosterone) Related Questions: Explain sources and uses of lipids. Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a … Read more

Write the formula of an amino acid and identify functional groups in it.

General formula of an amino acid: NH₂-CHR-COOH Functional groups: Amino group (-NH₂) → Makes amino acids basic Carboxyl group (-COOH) → Makes amino acids acidic R group (Side chain) → Determines the type of amino acid For example, the amino acid glycine has the formula NH₂-CH₂-COOH. Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or … Read more

What is a dextrose sugar?

Dextrose is another name for D-glucose, which is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). It is called dextrose because it rotates plane-polarized light to the right (dextrorotatory). Dextrose is commonly used in IV drips to provide instant energy to patients.   Related Questions: Decide whether sucrose is a disaccharide or monosaccharide. Give a reason. Write the formula … Read more