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DIFFERENCE TROPOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE Location The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, directly above Earth’s surface. The stratosphere is the second layer above it. Altitude Range The troposphere extends up to 12-18 km above the Earth. The stratosphere extends from about 18 km to 50 km. Temperature Variation In the troposphere, temperature decreases as … Read more
Ozone (O₃) is formed in the stratosphere through a natural process called the ozone-oxygen cycle. Steps of Ozone Formation: 1. UV Radiation Splits Oxygen Molecules: When high-energy ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation from the sun strikes an oxygen molecule (O₂), it splits into two oxygen atoms (O). 2. Oxygen Atoms React with Oxygen Molecules: These free oxygen … Read more
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s average temperature due to the excessive accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases trap heat from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space. Causes of Global Warming: Burning Fossil Fuels: … Read more
Ozone depletion refers to the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere due to human-made chemicals, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These chemicals release chlorine and bromine atoms, which break down ozone molecules. Effects of Ozone Depletion: Increased UV Radiation: More ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun reach the Earth’s … Read more
Acid rain is precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or fog) that contains high levels of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃). It forms when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) react with water vapor in the atmosphere. Effects of Acid Rain: Environmental Damage: Acid rain lowers the pH of soil and water bodies, making … Read more
Air pollutants come from both natural and human-made sources. Natural Sources: Volcanic eruptions release sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter, which contribute to acid rain and respiratory issues. Forest fires produce carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and fine particulate matter that cause air pollution. Dust storms, plant pollen, and decaying organic matter also release … Read more
Troposphere: Composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and trace gases. It is where weather changes occur. Stratosphere: Contains nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. The ozone layer is located in this layer, which absorbs harmful UV radiation. Related Questions: List two main sources of acid rain. List four human activities that contribute to air pollution. What is … Read more
In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude because the Earth’s surface absorbs heat from the sun and warms the lower layers of air. In contrast, in the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude due to the presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation and converts it into heat. Related Questions: List two main sources … Read more
The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth. It is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life by regulating temperature, providing oxygen for respiration, and shielding the Earth … Read more
Automobiles contribute to air pollution by emitting carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and hydrocarbons. These pollutants contribute to smog formation, acid rain, and global warming. The burning of gasoline and diesel also releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas that enhances climate change. Related Questions: List two main sources of acid rain. List … Read more