Chemistry 10

Relate the study of chemistry to careers in industry.

Chemistry is vital in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food processing, petrochemicals, and materials science. Careers related to chemistry in industry include: Chemical Engineer: Designs processes for large-scale production of chemicals. Pharmaceutical Chemist: Develops drugs and medicines. Petrochemical Engineer: Works in the extraction and refinement of petroleum. Food Chemist: Develops food products and ensures food … Read more

Describe the composition of petroleum.

Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. Petroleum is separated into various fractions through fractional distillation, and it contains fuels such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and heavier products like asphalt. The exact composition varies depending on the source of the crude … Read more

Make a list of raw materials for the Solvay process.

The raw materials for the Solvay process are: 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2. Ammonia (NH₃) 3. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 4. Water (H₂O) 5. Limestone (CaCO₃) Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How is it produced? Explain the process “Roasting” with two examples. Write chemical reactions that take place during urea … Read more

Describe the composition of urea.

Urea, with the chemical formula (NH₂)₂CO, consists of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The molecular composition is: Nitrogen (46.6%) Carbon (20%) Oxygen (26.6%) Hydrogen (6.7%) Urea is widely used in fertilizers due to its high nitrogen content, which is essential for plant growth. Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How … Read more

Outline basic reactions of the Solvay process.

Basic reactions of the Solvay process are: 1. Absorption of CO₂ in ammonia solution: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium bicarbonate. 2. Formation of sodium bicarbonate: Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. 3. Decomposition of sodium bicarbonate: Sodium bicarbonate is heated to produce sodium carbonate, releasing … Read more

Crude oil was formed millions of years ago from the remains of marine plants and animals that were buried under layers of sedimentary rock. Over time, heat and pressure caused the organic matter to break down into hydrocarbons, which are the primary components of crude oil. This process, known as “catagenesis,” took place over geological timescales. … Read more

Write chemical reactions that take place during urea formation.

Urea (NH₂)₂CO is formed through the reaction of ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The process occurs in two stages: 1. Formation of ammonium carbamate: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbamate (NH₄HCOONH₄): 2. Dehydration to form urea: The ammonium carbamate is then heated to remove water and form urea: Urea, thus formed, … Read more