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Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Related Questions: What is catenation? (ii) Define isomerism. Define a functional group. What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl radical? What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? … Read more
Alkane: A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (e.g., methane CH₄). Alkyl radical: A group derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom, represented as CₙH₂ₙ-₁ (e.g., methyl CH₃-). Related Questions: What is catenation? (ii) Define isomerism. Define a functional group. What are hydrocarbons? What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? … Read more
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the chemical properties and reactions of that molecule. For example, -OH (hydroxyl group) is the functional group of alcohols. Related Questions: What is catenation? (ii) Define isomerism. What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl radical? What … Read more
Methyl group: CH₃- Ethyl group: CH₃-CH₂- Propyl group: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂- Related Questions: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY What is catenation? (ii) Define isomerism. Define a functional group. What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl radical? What are hydrocarbons? What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? What is the significance of the double bond in … Read more
Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements, resulting in different properties. Related Questions: What is catenation? Define a functional group. What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl radical? What are hydrocarbons? What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? What is … Read more
Catenation is the ability of carbon atoms to bond with one another to form long chains, branched chains, or rings. This property is due to the strong covalent bonds formed by carbon atoms. Related Questions: (ii) Define isomerism. Define a functional group. What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl radical? What are … Read more
Uses of Acids: 1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Used for cleaning metals, in food processing, and in the production of PVC. 2. Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Used in car batteries, fertilizers, and chemical manufacturing. 3. Nitric Acid (HNO₃): Used in the production of explosives and fertilizers. Uses of Bases: 1. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Used in soap and … Read more
Neutralization: Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. Example Reaction: HCL + NAOH → NACL + H2O Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. Applications of Neutralization: 1. Agriculture: Neutralization of acidic soil with slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂). … Read more
pH Scale: The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14: pH < 7: Acidic solution (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar). pH = 7: Neutral solution (e.g., pure water). pH > 7: Basic solution (e.g., soap solution, bleach). Importance of pH: 1. Human Health: The human body maintains … Read more
Salts: Salts are ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. They consist of a positive ion (cation) from the base and a negative ion (anion) from the acid. Examples: 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) – Used as table salt. 2. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) – Found in limestone and used in … Read more