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Urea, with the chemical formula (NH₂)₂CO, consists of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The molecular composition is: Nitrogen (46.6%) Carbon (20%) Oxygen (26.6%) Hydrogen (6.7%) Urea is widely used in fertilizers due to its high nitrogen content, which is essential for plant growth. Related Questions: How are urea prills produced? What is slaked lime? How … Read more
Basic reactions of the Solvay process are: 1. Absorption of CO₂ in ammonia solution: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium bicarbonate. 2. Formation of sodium bicarbonate: Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. 3. Decomposition of sodium bicarbonate: Sodium bicarbonate is heated to produce sodium carbonate, releasing … Read more
1. Petrol (Gasoline): Used as a fuel for vehicles. 2. Diesel: Used as fuel for trucks, buses, and industrial machinery. 3. Kerosene: Used as fuel for jet engines and as a heating oil. 4. Lubricants: Used for reducing friction in machinery. 5. Bitumen: Used in road construction and roofing. Related Questions: How are urea … Read more
Crude oil was formed millions of years ago from the remains of marine plants and animals that were buried under layers of sedimentary rock. Over time, heat and pressure caused the organic matter to break down into hydrocarbons, which are the primary components of crude oil. This process, known as “catagenesis,” took place over geological timescales. … Read more
a) Roasting: Roasting is a process where a sulfide ore is heated in the presence of oxygen to convert it into an oxide. This process is typically used for ores of metals such as zinc, copper, and lead. Example: Roasting of lead sulfide (PbS): In this case, lead (II) sulfide is heated with oxygen to … Read more
Urea (NH₂)₂CO is formed through the reaction of ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The process occurs in two stages: 1. Formation of ammonium carbamate: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbamate (NH₄HCOONH₄): 2. Dehydration to form urea: The ammonium carbamate is then heated to remove water and form urea: Urea, thus formed, … Read more
Roasting is a process of heating metal ores in the presence of oxygen, typically to convert sulfide ores into oxides and release sulfur dioxide gas. It is commonly used in the extraction of metals from their ores. 1. Zinc Sulfide Roasting: Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is roasted in the presence of oxygen to form zinc oxide … Read more
The Solvay process is used for the industrial production of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) from sodium chloride (NaCl) and limestone (CaCO₃). During carbonation, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is bubbled through ammonia solution to form ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃). The chemical reactions involved are: 1. Formation of ammonium bicarbonate: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium … Read more
Slaked lime is also known as calcium hydroxide and has the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It is produced by adding water to quicklime (CaO). This is a highly exothermic reaction, which releases a significant amount of heat. The chemical reaction is as follows: Slaked lime is used in various industries, including in the treatment of water, … Read more
Urea prills are small, spherical particles made by spraying molten urea from the top of a prilling tower. As the molten urea droplets fall through the tower, they cool and solidify into prills. The size of the droplets and the height of the tower determine the size of the prills. The process is typically carried … Read more