FreeNotes
Plant tissue culture is a technique used to grow new plants from a small piece of plant tissue under sterile conditions in a nutrient medium. The process involves: 1. Selection of an explant (a small tissue from a plant). 2. Sterilization to prevent microbial contamination. 3. Placement in a nutrient-rich culture medium containing growth hormones. … Read more
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and leads to genetic variation. Artificial vegetative propagation and natural vegetative propagation Artificial propagation is human-assisted, such as grafting and cutting, whereas natural propagation occurs naturally through runners, tubers, or bulbs. Scion and … Read more
Apomixis: A form of asexual reproduction in which seeds are produced without fertilization. Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Male gametophyte: The pollen grain, which carries the male gametes in flowering plants. Epigeal germination: A type of seed germination where the cotyledons rise above the soil surface. … Read more
Sexual reproduction in plants ensures genetic diversity, which helps species adapt to environmental changes and resist diseases. It also promotes evolution by allowing the combination of different traits from two parents. In contrast, asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, limiting adaptability. Related Questions: Define cloning. Which process of a plant is supposed to be … Read more
The embryo sac is the female gametophyte of flowering plants. It is a seven-celled structure containing eight nuclei. It consists of one egg cell, two synergids, three antipodal cells, and a central cell with two polar nuclei. The egg cell participates in fertilization, while the central cell forms the endosperm after fusion with a sperm … Read more
Double fertilization is a unique process in angiosperms where one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, while the other sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm. This endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo. Related Questions: Define cloning. Which process of a plant is … Read more
Livestock plays a vital role in agriculture and human life by providing food (meat, milk, eggs), fiber (wool, leather), and labor (plowing, transportation). Additionally, animal waste serves as a natural fertilizer, contributing to soil fertility. Livestock farming also supports economies and rural communities. Related Questions: Define cloning. Which process of a plant is supposed to … Read more
The embryonic stem, also known as the hypocotyl, is the part of the embryo that lies between the cotyledons and the radicle. It supports the early development of the seedling and later differentiates into the shoot system of the plant. It is responsible for transporting nutrients and water between different parts of the developing plant. … Read more
1. Availability of water to activate enzymes and initiate metabolic processes. 2. Proper temperature suitable for enzymatic activity and cellular respiration. Related Questions: Define cloning. Which process of a plant is supposed to be a cloning? Explain the structure of the embryonic stem. Explain the role of livestock. Explain the event of double fertilization in … Read more
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals from a single parent without the involvement of gametes. In plants, asexual reproduction methods such as vegetative propagation and tissue culture are considered types of cloning. Related Questions: Enlist any two suitable conditions for the germination of a seed. Explain the structure of the embryonic stem. … Read more