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Enzymes are specific because the active site of each enzyme has a unique shape that fits only a particular substrate, similar to how a lock fits a specific key. This specificity ensures that enzymes catalyze only specific reactions. Their structure and amino acid sequence dictate which substrates they can interact with, and hence, each enzyme … Read more
An enzyme lowers the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state of the reaction, making it easier for the substrate to convert into products. The enzyme binds to the substrate and provides an environment that favors the reaction, reducing the amount of energy required to start the reaction. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological … Read more
A protein-digesting enzyme like pepsin functions best in an acidic medium, such as the pH found in the stomach (around 1.5 to 2). This acidic environment helps maintain the enzyme’s optimal structure, enabling it to break down proteins efficiently. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what … Read more
When an enzyme is frozen below 0°C, its molecular motion slows down significantly, causing it to become inactive. However, freezing does not usually denature the enzyme. Once thawed, the enzyme can regain its activity, assuming no irreversible damage occurred to its structure. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? Name the factors affecting enzyme … Read more
Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators. Pepsin works best in an acidic medium, with an optimal pH of around 1.5–2.5, while trypsin works best in an alkaline medium, around pH 8. Related Questions: Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? What happens to an … Read more
Enzymes are called biological catalysts because they speed up the rate of biochemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the reaction. They work by lowering the activation energy required for reactions, which makes them more efficient and specific compared to inorganic catalysts. Related Questions: Name the factors affecting enzyme activity. At what … Read more
Related Questions: The science of Biology Define the following branches of biology and give at least one significance of studying these branches. Can you distinguish between: Healthy life of a person depends on healthy life choices. How does the study of biology help in maintaining a healthy life? What is the contribution of the following … Read more
Lipids are organic molecules composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are hydrophobic and classified into three main types: 1. Fats and Oils: Composed of glycerol and fatty acids; provide long-term energy storage. 2. Phospholipids: Form the structural framework of cell membranes. 3. Steroids: Include hormones like cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen. Sources: Plant sources: … Read more
The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein. It consists of three main processes: 1. Replication: DNA duplicates itself to ensure genetic continuity. 2. Transcription: DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. 3. Translation: mRNA is decoded at the ribosome to synthesize proteins. This … Read more
A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains instructions for making a protein. During cell division, DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. In sexual reproduction, genes are passed from parents to offspring through gametes (sperm and egg cells). The process follows these steps: Replication: DNA … Read more