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Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to protein-rich biomass derived from microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, algae, and fungi. It is used as a food source or feed supplement. Importance and Significance: Sustainability: SCP can be produced using non-arable land, using waste materials like agricultural residues, making it an eco-friendly and sustainable source of protein. Nutritional Value: SCP … Read more
Objectives of Genetic Engineering: Improved Crop Varieties: Genetic engineering allows for the development of crops with enhanced traits like drought resistance, pest resistance, and improved nutritional content (e.g., Golden Rice with increased vitamin A). Medical Advances: It can be used to produce recombinant proteins, vaccines, and hormones (e.g., insulin production in bacteria). Industrial Applications: Genetic … Read more
Fermentation involves several stages, and the procedure for using a fermenter is carefully controlled to maximize yield: Process of Fermentation: Preparation: A nutrient-rich medium (usually containing sugars, nitrogen sources, vitamins, and minerals) is prepared for the microorganisms. Inoculation: A small amount of the microorganism (yeast, bacteria, etc.) is introduced into the medium. Fermentation: The microorganisms … Read more
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms like yeast and bacteria convert sugars into other compounds, such as alcohol, acids, and gases, under anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. Fermentation in Yeast: Yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is commonly used in fermentation for the production of alcohol and bread. When yeast ferments sugars like glucose, it produces … Read more
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and processes that improve our quality of life. Its importance can be seen in several key areas: Medical Advances: Biotechnology has led to the development of life-saving treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. It plays a significant role in gene therapy, tissue … Read more
In anaerobic respiration, common processes include: A: Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate). B: Fermentation (conversion of pyruvate to products like ethanol or lactic acid). C: End product formation, such as ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscles or bacteria). The products could be: (i) Ethanol or Lactic Acid. (ii) Carbon dioxide or … Read more
Without the diagram, I can only give a general answer. Typically, in genetic engineering: P could be a plasmid (a vector used to transfer genes). Q could be a gene of interest that is to be inserted. R could be a restriction enzyme used to cut the DNA at specific points. The next step is … Read more
A temperature of 40°C is ideal because it is optimal for the growth of the bacteria used in yogurt production (Lactobacillus species), allowing them to ferment the milk and produce lactic acid, which gives yogurt its texture and tangy flavor Related Questions: Name the organism used in fermentation for making bread, alcohol, cheese, and yogurt. … Read more
Bread, cheese, and yogurt are traditional foods made with the help of microbes. Microbes are involved in baking and dairy products: Baking: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in bread making. Dairy products: Bacteria like Lactobacillus and Streptococcus are involved in yogurt and cheese production. Source of the sugars that are fermented in brewing: The sugars … Read more
Microbes can reproduce quickly: They have a rapid growth rate, making them ideal for industrial processes. Microbes can grow easily on waste material: They can metabolize a variety of organic substances, including waste, reducing environmental pollution. Microbes are very efficient protein producers: Microbes can produce large amounts of proteins, enzymes, and other products quickly and … Read more