FreeNotes
The human respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment. Here’s a description of its structure: Nose/Nasal Cavity: The entry point for air, where it is filtered, warmed, and moistened. Hair-like structures called cilia and mucus trap dust, pathogens, and other particles. Mouth: An … Read more
Aspect Respiration Photosynthesis Process The breakdown of glucose (or other organic molecules) to release energy. The process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose). Location Occurs in the mitochondria of cells (in both plants and animals). Occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Energy Conversion Chemical energy in glucose is converted into ATP … Read more
Gaseous exchange in a leaf occurs through stomata. During the day, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air through stomata for photosynthesis, and oxygen (O₂) is released as a byproduct. At night, when photosynthesis stops, plants take in oxygen for respiration and release carbon dioxide. The process occurs by diffusion, driven by concentration … Read more
(a) Identify structure Z. Answer: Structure Z is the alveolus. (b) Name the gases X and Y. X: Oxygen (O₂) Y: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) (c) What is the name of the blood leaving at point E? The blood leaving at point E is oxygenated blood. Related Questions: Name the structure through which the exchange of … Read more
(a) Identify the disease and the affected part of the lung. The disease is emphysema, and the affected part is the alveoli. (b) How does part B show structural variation from part A? In part B (diseased lung), the alveoli are damaged and enlarged, reducing their surface area for gas exchange. The walls of the … Read more
(a) Identify I, II, X, Y, and Z. I: Inspired air II: Expired air X: Oxygen (O₂) Y: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Z: Nitrogen (N₂) (b) Why is gas X almost negligible in Figure I? Answer: Gas X (carbon dioxide) is negligible in inspired air because atmospheric CO₂ is present in very low amounts (0.04%). (c) … Read more
Cigarette smoking damages the cilia lining the trachea, reducing their ability to clear mucus and dust. This leads to mucus buildup, irritation, and chronic cough. Smoking also increases the risk of lung infections, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Related Questions: Name the structure through which the exchange of gases can take place in plants. Name the … Read more
Efficient gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment requires several conditions that ensure oxygen can enter the organism and carbon dioxide can be expelled. These conditions include: Large Surface Area: A large surface area allows for more contact between the gases and the exchange surfaces, which increases the efficiency of the process. For example, … Read more
Breathing through the nose is healthier because nasal hair and mucus filter out dust and microbes. The nose also humidifies and warms the air before it reaches the lungs, reducing the risk of infections and irritation. Related Questions: Name the structure through which the exchange of gases can take place in plants. Name the ways … Read more
(a) Respiration and Breathing Respiration: A biochemical process in which energy is released from glucose. Breathing: A physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. (b) Respiration and Photosynthesis Respiration: Breaks down glucose to release energy. Photosynthesis: Produces glucose using sunlight and releases oxygen. (c) Inhalation and Exhalation Inhalation: The process of taking in … Read more